The pterygomandibular raphe: a comprehensive review

Rithvik Vutukuri¹ , Norio Kitagawa² , Keiko Fukino² , R. Shane Tubbs^{3,4,5,6,7,8,9} , Joe Iwanaga^{2,3,4,5,10,11}

¹Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA, ²Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, ³Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, ⁴Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, ⁵Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA, ⁶Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, ⁷Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, ⁸Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA, ⁹University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ¹⁰Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, ¹¹Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan

Correspondence to:Norio Kitagawa
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
E-mail: kitagawa.omfa@tmd.ac.jp

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