Anatomy & Cell Biology

Table 4

Incidence of branching patterns of middle cerebral artery in various studies

Reference	Type of study	No. of cases	Branching pattern %
Reference	Type of study	No. of cases	Pattern 1	Pattern 2	Pattern 3	Pattern 4	Quadrifurcation
Gibo et al. 1981, Florida [6]	Cadaveric	50	-	-	78	12	-
Umansky et al. 1984, Michigan [7]	Cadaveric	70	-	-	64	29	1
Umansky et al. 1988, USA [17]	Cadaveric	104	3.8	-	66.3	26	3.8
Meneses et al. 1997, Brazil [53]	Cadaveric	14	-	-	85.6	7.2	-
Tanriover et al. 2003; Florida [19]	Cadaveric	50	-	-	88	12	-
Vuillier et al. 2008, France [35]	MRA	100	17	-	73	9	-
Ogeng’o et al. 2011, Kenya [33]	Cadaveric	288	6.2	5.2	82.3	10.8	0.7
Sadatomo et al. 2013, Japan [76]	MRA	124	-	-	92.7	7.3	-
Rogge et al. 2015, Germany [56]	Duplex sonography	100	-	-	63	32	-
Brzegowy et al. 2018, Poland [47]	CTA	500	-	-	86.2	13.8	-
Jeyakumar and Veerapandian 2018, India [22]	Cadaveric	30	-	-	73.3	26.6	-
Kadam et al. 2018, India [50]	Cadaveric	58	-	-	96.5	1.7	Multiple trunks-1.7
Reci and Bexheti 2019, North Macedonia [28]	Cadaveric	50	-	24	48	26	-
Fauzi et al. 2019, Indonesia [55]	Cerebral angiography	554	-	-	-	9.4	0.7
Gunnal et al. 2019, India [32]	Cadaveric	340	20.6	-	64.7	12.4	2.4
Żyłkowski et al. 2021, Poland [77]	CTA	198	-	-	85.1	8.9	-
Pai et al. 2005, India [31]	Cadaveric	10	-	-	80	20	-
Srinivasa et al. 2021, Myanmar [54]	Cadaveric	30	10	-	73	10	-
Oo et al. 2021, Myanmar [30]	Cadaveric	100	12	3	72	16	-
Sharma et al. 2023, India [64]	CTA	578	0.2	0.5	98	1	-

MRA, magnetic resonance angiography; CTA, computed tomography angiography.