pISSN 2093-3665
eISSN 2093-3673
pISSN 2093-3665
eISSN 2093-3673
Endothelial released substances and their target receptors as well as their effect
| Endothelium released substance | Receptor | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Endothelin 1 | ETA | VSMCs contraction |
| ETB | VSMCs relaxation | |
| ETc | ||
| Prostacyclin I2 | Gs-protein–coupled receptor (prostacyclin I2) | Relaxing the VSMCs anti-aggregation |
| Prostacyclin F2α | TP receptors (prostacyclin F2α) | SM contraction |
| Endoperoxides | TP receptors (endoperoxide) | VSMCs contraction |
| Nitric oxide | G-protein–coupled receptor (nitric oxide) | Relaxing the VSMCs, Inhibits endothelium-derived hyperpolarization action, anti-aggregation |
| Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (H2O2) | G-protein–coupled receptor (H2O2) | VSMCs hyperpolarization |
| Protein C | Thrombomodulin | Anti-inflammatory neuroprotective and neurogenesis, protection of the vascular endothelium from apoptosis and promoting endothelial barrier function |
| G-protein–coupled receptor | ||
| protease-activated receptor 1 | ||
| Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) | ||
| Thromboxane A2 | Thromboxane A2 receptor, G-protein–coupled receptor (1A, 1B, 3A, and 6) | VSMCs depolarization |
| Superoxide | G-protein–coupled receptor (superoxide) | VSMCs depolarization |
| Angiotensin II | Angiotensin II receptor 1 | VSMCs hyperpolarization |
| Bradykinin | Bradykinin receptor | VSMCs hyperpolarization |
| vWF | Ang-2/Tie-2/VEGFR-2 | Angiogenesis |
| αvβ3 integrin | Anti-angiogenesis | |
| Gal-3 ( molecule of vWF) | VEGFR2 | Proangiogenic activity |
| integrin αvβ3 | ||
| Adenosine | ADORA2A | Enhance glycolysis, inflammation |
| Adorα1, Adorα2b | Angiogenic | |
| CNP | Global natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B, C | Angiogenic, cytoprotective, VSMCs hyperpolarization |
| Adrenomedullin | Adrenomedullin receptor (Gs-coupled receptor) | Increases NO releasing, |
| Block RAAS | ||
| Angiogenic | ||
| Urotensin II | G-protein–coupled receptor (Urotensin II receptor) | Angiogenic, VSMCs relaxation |
| H2S | Unknown (include PI3K/Akt pathway) | Angiogenic, VSMCs relaxation |
| PAF | PAFR (Gi,q) transcripts 1 (leukocytes, activated eosinophils) and 2 (Heart, lungs, spleen, kidney) | Mediating cell-cell interaction, VSMCs relaxation, ↑ glycogenolysis, ↑ leukotrienes D4 and C4, ↑ response to convulsant stimuli and ischemia, heart rate and contractility modifying, ↑ glomerular filtration rate, required for oocyte maturation and successful outcomes of pregnancy |
| Purines | 19 isotypes; Gi,s,q, P2Y, P2X | Vasomotor regulation |
vWF, von Willebrand factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell. Data from [38, 39, 47-49, 74-77].
© Anatomy & Cell Biology. All Rights Reserved. Powered by INFOrang.co., Ltd